Obstetrics

Prenatal Care

Early Pregnancy Assessment: Initial consultations, confirming pregnancy, and early screenings.

Routine Check-ups: Regular visits to monitor fetal development, maternal health, and address any concerns.

Ultrasound Imaging: Used to visualize the fetus, assess growth, and detect potential issues.

Genetic Screening: Tests to identify genetic conditions or risks, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

In obstetrics, various procedures and interventions are indicated based on specific medical conditions and circumstances during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. Prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, such as ultrasounds and genetic screenings, are performed to monitor fetal development, detect potential abnormalities, and assess risk factors, particularly in cases of advanced maternal age or abnormal initial test results. During labor and delivery, interventions like induction of labor may be necessary for post-term pregnancies or maternal conditions such as hypertension, while cesarean sections are indicated in cases of fetal distress, breech presentation, or significant maternal health concerns.

Labor and Delivery

Stages of Labor: The process of childbirth includes early labor, active labor, and the delivery of the placenta.

Pain Management: Options include epidural anesthesia, nitrous oxide, and natural pain relief methods.

Delivery Methods: Vaginal delivery, assisted delivery with forceps or vacuum, and cesarean section (C-section).

Monitoring: Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring and maternal vitals assessment.



For high-risk pregnancies, specialized care is pivotal. Conditions such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia demand vigilant monitoring and management to mitigate risks to both mother and baby. For instance, preeclampsia, marked by elevated blood pressure and protein in the urine, poses risks that may necessitate early delivery to protect maternal and fetal health. Preterm labor, defined by contractions and cervical changes before 37 weeks of gestation, also requires targeted intervention to manage the risks associated with premature birth.
In the postpartum period, effective management of complications is essential for recovery and well-being. Postpartum hemorrhage—characterized by excessive bleeding—requires prompt intervention to prevent severe outcomes, while infections like wound infections from cesarean deliveries or episiotomies necessitate careful monitoring and treatment. Breastfeeding support is also critical, with interventions often required for issues such as poor latch or insufficient milk supply.